United States and the Second World War

The two-volume compilation by Jonson Michael offers a varied collection of voices from the country’s past. Documents 25-1 and 25-3 provide important information regarding the position of the US in the Second World War. The articles accentuate significant issues as regards to social, political, and economic themes of the US during the Second World War.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on United States and the Second World War specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In article 25-1, Johnson claims that the US was forced to join the war after the attack on Pearl Harbor. Consequently, Germany declared war on the US after four days. The Japanese officials had been taking American officials on a ride by claiming that there was no need of diplomatic relations between the two states. After analysis, it was discovered that the Japanese had planned the attack even before tricking Americans to believe that they were not willing to attack American residents. The head of state, Roosevelt, expressed his disappointments by claiming that the attack would always remain in the American faces. Document 25-3 summarizes some of the tribulations that the Jews experienced under Hitler. The Nazi anti-Semitism was felt in the American public. The Nazi regime had persecuted many Jews since 1930s according to Varian Fry. The articles present a clear understanding of what was happening at the time America was attacked by the Japanese. According to article 25-1, the attack on the Pearl Harbor was one of the reasons that forced the US to join the war. The American constitution stipulates that the congress should approve the budget to provide the government with funds to respond to external aggression. The head of state has powers to declare war as per the prerogative powers granted to him or her by the law. This is according to the John Locke’s theory of emergency powers. Roosevelt had to declare war in or der to safeguard the integrity and sovereignty of the American people. Japan could have utilized the chance to interfere with American activities in case the president decided to keep quiet. Furthermore, the US could have lost its position in the international system if it had not responded militarily. The articles explain the interests of any sovereign state in the international system. In the international system, states exist according to the Hobbestian state of nature. In the state of nature, human beings are brutal and nasty. There is no Leviathan in the international system that is charged with the responsibility of ensuring peace. Germany under Hitler advocated for atrocities in order to achieve state interests. Japan decided to attack the US to achieve its national interests that is, greatness. The US on the other hand could not sit back and watch Japan intimidate its citizens. It had to act immediately to restore its glory. The articles can therefore be applied to understan d the position of the US during the Second World War.Advertising Looking for critical writing on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Conversely, article 25-1 suggests that the US attacked Japan mainly because of the Pearl Harbor attack. This is not true since there were other underlying issues that encouraged the US to assault Japan. The main issue was related to ideological difference. Article 25-1 claims that Germany declared war on the US as one way of showing solidarity to its allies. The truth is that Germany was not happy with the way the US related with Britain and France. The US had granted $14,281 to European powers, including Britain and France. Furthermore, President Roosevelt had declared that the US had to attack German ship seen in the eastern Atlantic. Technically, the US had already entered the Atlantic War. As regards to article 25-1, the US could have attacked Japan or any other communist state as one wa y of showing military and technological strength. The US was against communist ideologies propagated by Japan and its allies. This critical writing on United States and the Second World War was written and submitted by user Samiya Fleming to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Benecol Essay Example

Benecol Essay Example Benecol Paper Benecol Paper Essay Topic: Marketing 1. Introduction Todays lifestyles are vastly different from those of past. Consumer attitudes to food, nutrition and health are maintaining at a relatively high criterion on safety and quality. The focus of nutritional science is shifting toward the concept of optimal nutrition'(Doyon Labrecque, 2008). The functional food industry which initiate healthy and nutritious foods, has taken this opportunity to be developed for a number of years. Raisio Plc. is a food and functional food company and its products have been on the market since 1995. Raisio develops, produces and markets health-promoting ingredients, feeds and malts worldwide. Its main product Benecol is the worlds first and best-known brand of cholesterol-lowering functional foods. In the UK, the term about sterol-based ingredients has been recognised over the last few years and still relatively new, and no other strong competitors among the same kind of products. Benecol see the UK market as a great opportunity to develop its products and enlarge their UK customer base. To achieve this, better informing consumer behaviour and consumer-product relationship are perceived as essential efforts for Benecol group to inform. By understanding the relevant theories relating to customer behaviour and marketing strategy, this report aims to explore the methods for Benecol brand to achieve better customer acquisition, retention and satisfaction, especially at a specialist consumer behaviour consultant view. There are four main parts which present in a structural way. Firstly, introducing a brief overview about the Benecol Company; secondly, provide the main conceptual issues involved in the implementation of Means-end chain; and the associated methods in the context of Benecol company research and apply in the UK as the final part. 2. An overview of Benecol products As a Finnish innovation, Benecol is the only range of foods that contain the ingredient plant stanol ester. It works with the body to effectively reduce cholesterol levels but also improves the health and well-being of blood vessels. Some features of this active ingredient have been revealed by more than 50 clinical studies. Studies indicate the safety of the Benecol ingredient that plant stanol ester passes through the body practically unabsorbed and the effect that Benecol products lower cholesterol up to 10 per cent and harmful LDL cholesterol up to 15 per cent as part of the daily diet'(raisiogroup.com). Functional foods containing the Benecol ingredient are sold in almost 30 countries and in many different product applications. Currently, these include dairy products such as milk drinks, cream, cheese-style spreads and yoghurts; cereal products such as soy drinks, pasta, bread and margarines; meat products and ready-made salads. 3 Means-end chains Although functional foods are becoming popular, organisations know relatively little about how consumers behaviour perceives functional foods. For product development and marketing, it is important to know how consumers explain their interests, how that interest is linked with their values and what the broader life values behind their interest are. Value of a food product is based on the self-relevant consequences that can be achieved by consuming that particular product. A particular hierarchical value map has been developed to find out the links between product attributes, their self-relevant consequences and values, that is means-end chain (Grunert, 1995). It has been suggested in academic literature that the means-end chain theory could be a relevant way of putting consumer-oriented food product design into practice (Audenaert Steenka,p. 1997). The Means-end chain represents that the major consumer processes that link values to behaviour. A common frame of means-end chain has three different levels: attribute; consequence and consumer values. When consumers evaluate each product, they will consider a set of this products attributes firstly. Attribute is a relatively specific product characteristic, not only the packaging, colour, price, quality and other external attributes, but also sellers reputation, brand and other abstract attributes. The consequence is the result that peoples consumption can provide. IF this result can meet the expectations of consumers, it will be defined as benefit. Value is more abstract than consequence (Devlin et al,2003). It involves peoples expectations, with the aim of determining what action or life is best to do or live. One assumption has divided value into terminal and instrumental values. As values motive and adapt consumers thinking and behaviour, they act in a certain way during consumption (Reynolds Gutman, 1988),. Gutman (1982), describe the process about value influencing customer behaviour as this means-end chain. It focuses on the linkage between these three levels. One important aspect seeks to understand how consumers make links between self-relevant consequences and values. Another important linkage is ConsequenceProducts attributes, that is, if consumers want to get benefits, they have to learn and familiar with the product attributes. The relationship figure shows as following. Figure1. The Means-end basis for involvement From this figure, it is possible to clarify how product attributes are linked with consequences and how these consequences are then linked with consumer values (Reynolds and Gutman, 1988). Means-end chain provides a useful tool for product development and marketing to study the structures behind consumers opinions or impressions and makes it possible for important information to be used when targeting consumers with the product information, advertisements or final products. As a useful tool, it has been used successfully in clarifying consumer perceptions of functional foods (Jonas and Beckmann, 1998). Roininen et al. (2000) have used laddering to identify how consumers perceive health and hedonic aspects in food Jonas and Beckmann (1998) clarified consumer perceptions of functional foods in England; health was mentioned as one reason for choosing functional yoghurt, cereals and butter in England. Figure2. Hierarchical value map of food for the UK consumers Resource: Baker, et al (2004) Take Hierarchical value map of the UK consumers to food ingredients as an example, if the food ingredients contain attributes as no additives or preservatives and not genetically modified, these features may meet customers psychosocial consequence as their preference of this kind of products, and the functional consequences about health related. Finally, the product are unique to reach consumers value aspect, such as enjoying a high quality of life and well-being health, even achieving personal self-esteem as get a respect for other people. 4. Identifying consumers means-end chains and Benecol products Measuring means-end chain is best accomplished with one-on-one, personal interviews in which the researcher tries to understand a consumers meanings for product attributes and consequences (Peter Olson2008). A study (published by Urala Là ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½hteenmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ki, 2003) revealed some product categories and means-end chain of functional food. In almost all product categories, five central means-end chains describing the respondents food choices were found. These means-end chains referred to healthiness, taste and pleasure, security and familiarity, convenience, and price. In the hierarchical value maps, the links mentioned the most often between attributes, consequences and values is healthiness. Benecol focuses on dairy products. 4.1 Identifying key attributes considered by consumers Here are several methods to identify key attributes considered by consumers, such as elicitation and laddering interview, all required to communicate with customer directly. Benecol can achieve this information by experiments, or distributing questionnaire, or interview customers with a set of triad tasks. But MEC models provided a deeper understanding which can dig out consumers deeper knowledge about beliefs of psychosocial consequences and value satisfaction (Peter Olson2008). The ZMET (the Zaltman Metaphor Elicitation Technique), as an effective approach to elicit the potential consumer knowledge, Raisio company can explore this innovative qualitative interview method in its market research. Involvement also can be an important method to discover means-end knowledge, because this method not only identifies the products attributes, but the consequences and affective responses of consumers. 4.2 Focus of Involvement Consumers may be involved with various environments, specific activities and other people. An advertisement, a brand, an event or a situation, all can be factors that motive customers acting as a certain behaviour when they purchasing (Peter Olson2008). Marketers need to know what is the exact relationship between these factors and personally relevant. Benecols product attributes are strongly linked to important consequences. It is undeniable that one reason for customer choosing Benecol product is cholesterol-reducing ingredient. To some extent, this kind of foods that can be the functional consequences for helping protect against heart disease and other diseases. After user experienced the effect of Benecol products, they may recommend this product to his friends and find themselves as a wise buyer. These feeling and actions are interpreted as psychosocial consequences. Therefore, an effective cholesterol-reducing consequence may satisfy customers. In the other hand, consumers may believe the Benecol product attributes are not associated with any relevant consequences, that is, not meet their value patterns of health. This situation will experience them little or no involvement with the product. For instance, although some studies indicate the safety of Benecols products, customers worry about the plant stanol ester passes through the body practically unabsorbed, a little amount of this chemical may still absorbed by the system of organs in the body and is harmful for health. To solve and release these concerns, Benecol need to prove the effect about its products by real user cases, such as provide science based evidences and official documents. In order to let customers know more about their functional food. After detailed implementation, customers will feel more involved with the product. 4.3 Intrinsic self-relevance Understanding consumers intrinsic self-relevance can help organisation to design product attributes that consumers will connect to desired consequences and values (Peter Olson,2008). Consumers usually acquire means-end knowledge from their past experiences with purchasing (Griffin Hauser, 1993). When they use or observe others using a product, consumers learn the certain product attributes will cause consequences that can help achieving their goals and values. Actually, Benecols customers in the UK do familiar with the certain food characteristics; from their previous experience, Benecol milk drinks and Cheese-spread ingredients have good tastes, but lower cholesterol may be a relative new concept for most of them. Therefore, Benecol need to understand both the focus of consumers involvement and the sources that create it, and crucially, replacing their old food products-purchasing habit, while people can think about particular consequences of purchase that are important to them. For example, Benecol can seek to enhance intrinsic involvement with this attribute by focusing on the benefits of using and the negative consequences of not using their cholesterol-reducing product. Even through consumers are not personally involved with this functional product currently and may hold the sceptical attitude about the benefits of this attribute, they can become temporarily involved with the process of buying the product at the first time. 4.4 Understanding the key reasons for purchase and the consumer-product relationship By totally understand consumers means-end chain. We can explore it into Benecols brands. Take dairy products as examples, at the product knowledge level, the attributes of milk drinks involve high price, containing cholesterol-reducing ingredient, and healthiness. At consequence level, good taste is a function, and cholesterol-reducing ingredient is supposed to prevent heart disease; then these functional consequences turn to family enjoy this product as a psychosocial consequence; finally, combing these features together to meet the consumers social recognition as I purchase a high quality brand. Understand the consumer-product relationship can help Benecol target the UK market. There are four segments for the product category at different Brand loyalty levels: Brand loyalists, routine brand buyers, information seekers and brand switchers. Under different marketing strategies, Benecol can address the unique type of product knowledge, intrinsic self-relevance, and involvement of consumers combing with these four market segments, in order to select their target customers. 5. Conclusion It is undeniable that MEC has the potential to provide an increasingly better understanding of consumer-product knowledge and its behavioural implications. Consequently, we also believe that it has the potential of becoming an increasingly valuable tool in consumer-oriented functional food design processes not only for Benecol, but all the Raisio brands. In some researchers opinion, the progresses of these research areas can associate with techniques within consumer-oriented food product design, and develop the implementation of MEC, with the consequent desired gains in its efficiency and effectiveness (Costa et al, 2004, p.413). MEC model has broadened the study range of consumer values. It provides a comprehensive guidance for researching in the consumer behaviour aspect. This approach links values, consequences and attributes to overcome other studies just research the limitations of consumer values from a single level. In addition, this approach overcomes this inadequacy and establishes visual relationship between psychosocial factors of consumers and external product entity. However, during the process of implementing concepts, more research in the functional foods areas need to be done to minimise the shortcomings of MEC. In future studies, further exploration of MEC model still need to be improved. There are some unclear factors about customers memory storage, the ways they remember products attributes and consumer organisations and consumer-product knowledge; and in practices, how do these knowledge be aroused when the customer dealing with the actual decision-making.

Criticism regarding a character ( the character is in the book Hamlet, Essay

Criticism regarding a character ( the character is in the book Hamlet, Shakespeare) - Essay Example Hamlet can sometimes be looked at as a noble prince despite the anger he had towards Claudius for his treachery. This argument is justified through explaining that evil usurper is capable of making good characters to be destroyed. In the critics towards Hamlet, there are several scholars’ works, which can be used. These issues are pointed out to implicate several characters of Hamlet, which can be seen, with the third eye of the audience and readers. Hamlet nature of masculinity and femininity is interpreted by Guo De-yan to be overshadowed by the tragedy in the story. His character of being indecisive, Oedipus complex and philosophical thinking makes him a hard nut to crack when it comes to giving him a responsible nature (Weitz 73). It is shown that he had difficulties dealing with his femininity. This trait makes him exhibit emotional, weakness and passive nature that can only be seen in women. At the same time, his masculinity makes him develop traits such as aggressiveness, rationality and courage. The feminist nature establishes his thinking to degrade his identity to self-hatred and self-negation. The patriarchal concept dealing with gender identity makes him weak to develop the courage of avenging the death of his father. One of the biggest masculine traits that are revealed is courage. This is vivid in during the appearance of the king’s ghost as the soldiers trembled and termed it as a dreaded sight. One of the greatest soldiers in the kingdom Heratio is seen to be shaken and pale. However, the case is different with Hamlet as he faces the ghost with courage and does not show signs of fear. He even challenges it before it attars a word. At the same time, he decides to follow the advice of the ghost though it was against the advice of Marcellus and Heratio (Weitz 90). His courageous nature is also depicted when he decided to participate in an art fence fighting that he was invited. He was aware that Laertes had a better chance of

The Valley Winery Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Valley Winery - Essay Example Employee turnovers have been described as one of the major challenges that face any organization that is bent on growing. This is because turnover puts so much challenging in place for management to solve and the process of solving these problems takes the attention of management from pursuing other beneficial ventures for the organization’s growth (Sigma Assessment Systems, 2012). To this extent, the problem that Pat Waller faces cannot be underestimated in any logical sense. Causes of the Problem There exist a number of causes of the present problem at Valley Winery. However, two of these would be outlined for the present purpose. In the first place, much blame would be given to the characteristics of the job that the sales representatives are supposed to undertake. According to Sigma Assessment Systems (2012), not all jobs have the same levels of intrinsic attraction and that â€Å"a job's attractiveness will be affected by many characteristics, including its repetitiveness, challenge, danger, perceived importance.† There is no denying the fact that most sales representatives take up their jobs with very low levels of perceived importance as they assume those jobs to be stepping stones to get hooked on to other kinds of jobs. Moreover, the job does not guarantee repetitiveness and poses a number of dangers to the representatives. This could be the major cause of the problem. The second cause to be discussed could somehow also have served as the solution to the problem if it was implemented earlier.

A report on Building the Emotional Intelligence of Groups Essay

A report on Building the Emotional Intelligence of Groups - Essay Example Individuals belonging to a group need to understand both the other people in the group but also how they themselves are perceived. If this kind of input is short-circuited, a group will fail and the dynamics will be off-putting. Every group is different and every individual who is part of a group has their own style and personality. But research has indicated that several things are required for a group to work well. One of the most important of these elements is trust. People in the groups need to know that they can count on the other members. They need to feel comfortable. If this isn't the case, the group can quickly degenerate. Building the kind of rapport that engenders trust is a key aspect of emotional intelligence and is not to be taken lightly. Another important element is identity. It is hard for members to feel much attachment to the group if they do not all share something in common. Finally, a third element vital the building of a successful group is a sense of efficacy.

Karma of Violence in Macbeth

Karma of Violence in Macbeth With elements like wars, assassinations, and murders, violence takes up a significant part of Macbeth. At the early stage of Macbeth, the audience is presented a battlefield scene where a bloody massager appears. Echoing such a violent and bloody image, the play ends with Macbeth being killed. Although karma is an Indian belief, lines like This even-handed justice / Commends the ingredients of our poisoned chalice / to our own lips (Macbeth I.vii.10) reveal traits of karma in the Scottish play.  [1]  Karma means that all actions have consequences which will affect the doers of the actions at some future time (Reichenbach 399). In this essay, I will argue that violence is not merely actions performed by the characters but the skeleton of plot and theme. For the sake of a clear analysis, I will first outline the concept of karma and karma of violence in Macbeth. Then I will conclude that the karmic effect of violence drives the development of plot and reflects moral judgement. As suggested by Rajendra Prasad, the law of karma should be viewed as a retributive theory of morality (qtd. in Keown 331). Reichenbach also noted that 1.Morally accountable actions which are done out of desire for their fruits are subjected to karma; 2.Some karmic effects are manifested at once or in this life, some in the next life; 3.Karmic effect of actions can be accumulated (qtd. in Keown 335). In this essay, Keowns idea on karma is taken; the relationship between karma and intention is indisputable; volitional action alone can result in karma; sinning in ones heart without physical performance is possible that same act may have different karma for different people (Keown 336). Rebirth and karma beyond characters portrayed lives will not be discussed here. Violence is not only a part of the play, but its skeleton. Karma, as stated, is accumulative and is resulted from moral and physical actions. In Macbeth, violence, with its karmic effect, breeds violence. In Act one, Macbeth is reported about cutting Macdonwald open, unseame[s] him from the nave to th chops, / [a]nd fixe[s] his head upon battlements (I.ii.22-3)and is [n]othing afeard of what [himself] didst make, / [s]trange images of death (I.iii.97-8). This suggests his violent nature and his capacity of bloody deeds in the future. Such a valiant and worthy achievement (I.ii.24), as a result, won him the title of Thane of Cawdor. It was then the realization of prophecy bred his ambition whose murder yet is but fantastical (I.iii.139). The word fantastical echoes with Banquos address to the witches I the name of truth, / Are ye fantastical or that indeed / which outwardly ye show?(I.iii.54-5), drawing parallel between the witches and Macbeths fantastical thoughts which are not indee d outwardly [he] show[ed] as well. With such murderous thoughts, Macbeth, whose [place] [is] the nearest (I.iv.36) to Duncan betrays his own family blood and country to secure the throne. The karmic effect of this bloody throne is fear; the fear on Banquos issue and Macduffs flee to England prompts him further violence and ultimate self-destruction. His bloody acts make returning were as tedious as go over (III.iv.140-1).Violence, therefore, breeds on-and-on violent deeds till the end of the play. As Macbeth puts it, Things bad begun make strong themselves by ill (III.ii.55), such on-and-on violence increases intensity over time. After violence against Macdonwald, Macbeth killed Duncan in sleep. Sleep, under Shakespeares description, is innocent . . . that knits up the reveled sleeve of care . . . the great natures second course, chief nourisher in lifes feast (II.ii.34-8). The peaceful description of natures gift and Duncans royal position contrast with the murder, highlighting intensified violence. Although he is unsettled by the deed, he soon recovers and exhibits a greater degree of violence. Without consulting his wife, Macbeth readily kills two innocent servants. Compared to the hesitation shown in Duncans murder, he becomes bolder. Violence, as a recurring role, performs an endless loop. Macbeth, with a mind full of scorpions (III.ii.36), then sends out three men in total only to ensure Banquo and Fleances deaths. He becomes determined to take a step further to kill the weaker gender and innocent children in Macduffs family. When Macduff receives the tragic news, he asks about his children repeatedly and all my children?, My children too?, What, all my pretty chickens and their dam / at one fell swoop? (IV.iii.211-8). Such responses reflect that people then perceived the act of killing innocent children as outrageously violent.The climax of on-and-on violence came when Macduff greets the King with Macbeths head, saying Behold, where stands / the usurpers cursed head. (V.viii.54-5), putting an end on the loop of violence in the play. This illustration of the intensifying loop of violence suggests karmic consequences of murderous thoughts. In the analysis of Shakespearean violence, Foakes suggests that the urge to violence is deeply embedded in the human psyche, and creates recurring whatever political formations are dominant (Foakes 16). This viewpoint echoes with this karmic loop of violence. The series of violent acts keeps driving the plot development. The karma begins with Macbeths sinning in [his] heart (Keown 336) with murderous thoughts. Had he stopped at any point of his violent murders, he would not have suffered the deadly karma. Karmic effects of Macbeths repetitive violence, as suggested, accumulated throughout the play, causing the downfall of the soul and self-destruction. The karma of violence, therefore, extends the plot with series of consequences in Macbeth. In Macbeth, karma of violence is not only the consequences of behaviour. It implicitly reflects good morality in violence. Contrasting conventional idea, violence does not necessarily imply bad karma. Traditional Christian belief generally subscribes to the idea of Thou shalt not kill. However, under karma, same act may have different consequences for different people. At the beginning of the play, Duncan ordered the execution of Thane of Cawdor. This act of violence, justified by the traitors betrayal, did not result in a bad karma. Duncan, despite his death, enjoys the peace of mind of which Macbeth is deprived. Although Banquos violent behaviours are not explicitly described, audience can understand that Banquo, as a warrior, is capable of violence. His acts of violence, however, are justified by his selfless patriotism. In the play, Shakespeare uses Banquo as a moral contrast against Macbeth. They are of similar background, official rank and power at the beginning of Macbeth; they both face the tempting prophecy. However, Banquo endeavours to keep [his] bosom franchised and allegiance clear (II.i.26-7) while Macbeth jump[s] the life to come to commit murders (I.vii.7). The fact that Banquo succeeds in upholding morality in the same temptation suggests that Macbeths tragic ending is not a result of fatalism, but karma out of volitional actions. Karma is hugely based on ethical consideration and moral accountability. With moral actions, Banquos family line is blessed with good karma, contrasting Macbeths violence-induced fatal karma. Macduff, who performed the visually bloodiest violence by cutting and displaying Macbeths head, is also exempted from bad karma.  [2]  Since Macbeth has no children of his own, it is unlikely that Macduffs bloody deed would provoke another loop of violence against himself. It is reasonable to suggest that, Macduffs violent action, as a karma on Macbeth, is justified by its good intention of saving Scotland from the tyranny. The above examples of karma contrast against the deadly karma on Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. In Macbeths case, he performs all the violence based on his desire for power and the fear in securing it. Accordingly, he is subjected to karmic effects, which mostly take the form of internal struggles. Booth concluded that, all three murders towards Duncan, Banquo and Macduffs family are followed immediately by scenes of suffering and self-tortures (Booth 31). After Duncans murder, every noise appals Macbeth and he hears ominous voices threatening that he could no longer sleep with peace (II.ii.56). Although Macbeth does not show explicit guilt after Banquos death, his sub-conscience tortures him. He is startled by the image of Banquos phantom despite his self-regard as a fearless man. Macbeths soul becomes weary after murdering Macduffs family. He pessimistically believes that [his] way of life / [i]s falln into the sere, the yellow leaf, / [a]nd that which should accompany old age, / [a]s h onor, love, obedience, troops of friends, / [he] must not look to have.(V.iii.22-6). Ironically, Macbeth has traded his soul, friends, honour for a fruitless crown and a lifeless life. He is caught in a tragedy of his own making. In this way, the karma on Macbeth manifests as his internal struggles. Despite sympathy towards Macbeth, Macbeths selfishness, betrayal and violence deserve his own deadly and violent karma. As suggested by the Bible, For the wages of sin is death (Roman 5: 23). Therefore, given his murderous deeds, his death has to be brutally violent for moral justification. Macbeths tragic death implies that Shakespeare has acknowledged the immorality of Macbeths violent deeds. Lady Macbeth, similarly, has to pay a price for pouring [her] spirit in [Macbeths] ear, / [a]nd chastise[s] with the valour of [her] tongue (I.v.24-5) Ribner commented that The relationship between Macbeth and his wife steadily deteriorates . . . . The force of evil severs Macbeth from the rest of humanity; it breaks also the bond which ties him to his wife. He lives more and more closely with his own fears into which she cannot intrude . . . . No longer does he confide in her. (Ribner 164) Considering Lady Macbeths admiration to Macbeth and her devotion to help him get the throne, psychological separation between the couple is unbearable to Lady Macbeth. It is reasonable to deduce that this psychological separation may explain her mental breakdown and loss of masculinity displayed before. The fact that the seemingly evil Lady Macbeth is also subjected to karmic condemnation from her own conscience may signifies her humanness, but more importantly, the deadly karma is to impose moral judgement on her behaviours. Karma of a particular behaviour reflects its moral nature and judgement. In Macbeth, not all violent deeds result in bad karma. Considering the play is set in a political disturbed period in which Scotland was first traumatized by traitors and then Macbeth the Tyrant, violence, to a certain extent, was a norm in that era. The fact that Scotland restores her order through violence against Macbeth suggests that some violence is morally right. These characters who perform violence for morally right reasons can be exempted from bad karma. Karma, in Buddhist belief, is controlled by a Supreme Being. Shakespeare, as a Supreme Being of this play, reflects judgements towards the characters behaviours with different karmas resulted. Karma on violence, therefore, gives the audience some ideas on the morality of violence. Violence is the linking element that drives plot development. It is through the recurring nature of karma that violence in Macbeth trammel[s] up the consequence (I.vii.3) of Macbeths self-destruction. By designing different karmic effects, Shakespeare explores the good and evil of violence. Although sympathy towards human flaws may be valued, it is necessary to have deadly karma for ill-intended murders committed. Violence, therefore, is not merely a part of the plot. It is the driving force of the plot and a subtle exploration on morality of violence.

Theme of Good vs. Evil in “Sweat” Essay -- Literary Analysis

The main character in Zora Neale Hurston’s â€Å"Sweat† is a black woman who resides in the South that clutches on to her belief in God to help her get through the suffering that she endures from her abusive and adulterous husband, Sykes. â€Å"Sweat† is full of religious symbolism that demonstrates that Hurston was using the theme of good vs. evil in the short story. In the very beginning of â€Å"Sweat† one can see that Delia possesses a very strong work ethic, by the way that she is working vigorously to wash the clothes for the white people that she worked for to put food on the table and a roof over her and Sykes’ head. The white clothing that Delia washes in the story represents her character. White signifies her virtuousness and wholesome spirit. Delia has a docile personality and a prevailing belief in God. Delia’s body may be physically broken from all the years of tough labor and mistreatment from Sykes, however her spirit remains unbroken. Delia is a church going woman that is inspired by her trust in God. She has confidence that God will steer her the right way and shield her from Sykes cruel physical and emotional abuse. Another reference to Delia’s goodness can additionally be located in these lines of "Sweat,† "Delia's work-worn knees crawled over the earth in Gethsemane and up the rocks of Calvary many, many times during these months" (445). According to Raymond Brown, who wrote, A Crucified Christ in Holy Week: Essays on the Four Gospel Passion Narratives, the garden of Gethsemane is the location where Jesus took his followers to pray. He advised some of them to observe and several of them to pray, however they fell asleep. Judas betrayed Jesus and escorted the Romans to him at Gethsemane prior to him being executed (49).... ...btains wisdom. Delia's goodness and her faith in God in the end, prevails over Sykes’ powerful muscle and violent manner. Bibliography Brown, Raymond. A Crucified Christ in Holy Week: Essays on the Four Gospel Passion Narratives. Collegeville, Minnesota: The Liturgical Press, 1986. Hurston, Zora Neale. â€Å"Sweat.† The Custom Library of American Literature. John Bryant. Boston, Massachusetts: Pearson Custom Publishing, 2008. 440-445. Jones, Sharon. Rereading the Harlem Renaissance: Race, Class, and Gender in the Fiction of Jessie Fauset, Zora Neale Hurston, and Dorothy West. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 2002. Masson, Davis. Essays Biographical and Critical: Chiefly on English Poets. La Vergne, Tennessee: Lightning Source, Inc., 2007. Mà ©nez, Andre’. The Subtle Beast: Snakes, from Myth to Medicine. New York, New York: CRC Press, 2003. Theme of Good vs. Evil in â€Å"Sweat† Essay -- Literary Analysis The main character in Zora Neale Hurston’s â€Å"Sweat† is a black woman who resides in the South that clutches on to her belief in God to help her get through the suffering that she endures from her abusive and adulterous husband, Sykes. â€Å"Sweat† is full of religious symbolism that demonstrates that Hurston was using the theme of good vs. evil in the short story. In the very beginning of â€Å"Sweat† one can see that Delia possesses a very strong work ethic, by the way that she is working vigorously to wash the clothes for the white people that she worked for to put food on the table and a roof over her and Sykes’ head. The white clothing that Delia washes in the story represents her character. White signifies her virtuousness and wholesome spirit. Delia has a docile personality and a prevailing belief in God. Delia’s body may be physically broken from all the years of tough labor and mistreatment from Sykes, however her spirit remains unbroken. Delia is a church going woman that is inspired by her trust in God. She has confidence that God will steer her the right way and shield her from Sykes cruel physical and emotional abuse. Another reference to Delia’s goodness can additionally be located in these lines of "Sweat,† "Delia's work-worn knees crawled over the earth in Gethsemane and up the rocks of Calvary many, many times during these months" (445). According to Raymond Brown, who wrote, A Crucified Christ in Holy Week: Essays on the Four Gospel Passion Narratives, the garden of Gethsemane is the location where Jesus took his followers to pray. He advised some of them to observe and several of them to pray, however they fell asleep. Judas betrayed Jesus and escorted the Romans to him at Gethsemane prior to him being executed (49).... ...btains wisdom. Delia's goodness and her faith in God in the end, prevails over Sykes’ powerful muscle and violent manner. Bibliography Brown, Raymond. A Crucified Christ in Holy Week: Essays on the Four Gospel Passion Narratives. Collegeville, Minnesota: The Liturgical Press, 1986. Hurston, Zora Neale. â€Å"Sweat.† The Custom Library of American Literature. John Bryant. Boston, Massachusetts: Pearson Custom Publishing, 2008. 440-445. Jones, Sharon. Rereading the Harlem Renaissance: Race, Class, and Gender in the Fiction of Jessie Fauset, Zora Neale Hurston, and Dorothy West. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 2002. Masson, Davis. Essays Biographical and Critical: Chiefly on English Poets. La Vergne, Tennessee: Lightning Source, Inc., 2007. Mà ©nez, Andre’. The Subtle Beast: Snakes, from Myth to Medicine. New York, New York: CRC Press, 2003.

Essay on Pride and Prejudice: Theme Essay

In this novel, the title describes the underlying theme to the book. Pride and prejudice were both influences on the characters and their relationships. Darcy alienated himself from the others at first because of his intense pride. His prejudice against the Bennet’s because of their poverty was also something that he would have to overcome. For Elizabeth, her prejudice against Darcy came from his snobbery. It caused her to not see his feelings for her and to believe whatever Wickman said. Darcy’s fierce pride often alienated him from others. For example, he acted so snobby and superior at the first ball with the Bennet’s that they were all turned off by him. His eventual love, Elizabeth, was disgusted at his behavior and formed a prejudice against him. Even after he fell in love with her and proposed to Elizabeth, he completely debased her family. Darcy realized eventually that he was going to have to change. He tried to look at his behavior and analyze why he acted as he did. In the end, he fought his intense pride so that he and Elizabeth could be happy together. Prejudice was also an issue for Darcy in that he disliked Elizabeth in the beginning because of her low social status, poverty, and socially inept family. Darcy was forced to deal with his prejudice when he fell in love with Elizabeth. This was not easy for him to do but it was necessary. His snobbery was countered by his love for Elizabeth. In the end, he overcame his pride and gave in to his feelings by marrying her in spite of her and her family’s shortcomings. Elizabeth had her own issues with prejudice with which to deal. Darcy’s cold arrogance and snobbery prejudiced her from him from the beginning and it took Elizabeth a lot longer time to overcome her prejudices than it did Darcy. This was because Elizabeth was a very caring person and did not like the things that Darcy had said about her and her family. When given the chance, Elizabeth loved to hear about how awful Darcy was, such as when she met Wickman, who was eager to slander Darcy. However, Elizabeth gradually came around and began to fall in love with Darcy, but it was difficult for her to overcome the prejudices that had been imposed on her by both herself and Darcy. This novel’s theme was tied up in the title of the book, Pride and Prejudice. The pride that Darcy felt and his initial prejudice against all of the Bennet family was eventually overwhelmed by his love for Elizabeth. For Elizabeth, she needed to overcome her prejudices about Darcy and see through his snobbery. In the end, all the pride and prejudice was dealt with and Darcy and Elizabeth were left in love.

A Brief Study of Modern Cuba essays

A Brief Study of Modern Cuba essays In this discussion of the Cuban government vs. American government, we must first understand what has shaped Cuba into what it is today. Assuming that the reader is knowledgeable on the subject of U.S. government, we can proceed to explore Cuba and its upbringings and uprisings. President Carlos Pro Socarras brought Cuba into the early 1950's. He was overthrown by General Fulgencio Batista who set up a dictatorship in 1952. The Bautista regime ruled for just over a year. Here now is the introduction of Fidel Castro Ruz, an important actor in shaping (and authoring) Cuban government into what we see today. Castro and Che Guevara were both implemental in revolutionizing Cuba. Castro's Revolution started on July 26, 1953, with 160 rebels attacking a military barracks. Castro had hopes of sparking a popular uprising. But to no avail, he was arrested and sentenced to 15 years' imprisonment. Castro obtained political amnesty in 1955 and was released from prison. He was exiled to Mexico where he organized Cuban exiles into the "26th of July" movement. In 1956 Guevara and Castro returned to Cuba with 81 "26th of July" revolutionaries. They were met with stiff resistance from Batista's army and were driven into the Sierra Maestra Mountains where they regrouped and plotted for guerilla warfare against the Batista regime. The revolutionaries descended from the Sierra Maestra at the end of 1958. With troops deserting on a daily basis and U.S. support dwindling, Batista fled into exile on New Year's Day 1959. The next day Guevara and 600 revolutionaries took Havana. The breakdown of Cuba's authoritarian regime was prompted by a combination of factors, including its political illegitimacy, disrespect for the people's legitimate expectations, and indiscriminate use of repression against political dissidents. Batista's dictatorship had alienated the middle classes. Thus, by the end of the 1950s, the traditional favorite forces...

Macbeth Blood motif essays

Macbeth Blood motif essays In William Shakespeares Macbeth, the motif of blood plays an important factor in the framework of the theme. A motif is a methodical approach to uncover the true meaning of the play. Macbeth, the main character in the play, thinks he can unjustly advance to the title of king without any variation of his honest self. The blood on Macbeths hands illustrates the guilt he must carry after plotting against King Duncan and yearning for his crown. Shakespeare used the image of blood to portray the central idea of Macbeth, King Duncans murder. The crime is foreshadowed in the second scene of the first act. The king shouts, What bloody man is that? (I,ii,1) He is referring to a soldier coming in from battle. The soldier then explains to King Duncan of Macbeths heroics in battle. One assumes that Macbeth is bloody just like the soldier. The soldier describes Macbeth in action Disdaining Fortune, with his brandished steel, Which smoked with bloody execution. (I,ii,17-18) This line connects Macbeth with killing, and hints at the future. The evil deed of murdering the king becomes too much of a burden on the Macbeths. The blood represents their crime, and they can not escape the sin of their actions. Macbeth realizes that in time he would get what he deserves. Since he can not ride himself of his guilt by washing the blood away, his fate may have been sealed. They try to use water for vindication, but Macbeth says that all the water in the ocean could not cleanse his hands. He imagines the blood from the murder staining the ocean red. Lady Macbeth differs from her husband in this aspect. She believes her conscience would be cleansed at the time her hands are physically cleaned. She tells her husband to have the same beliefs as she or he would be driven to insanity. Ironically, Lady Macbeth is the one that is driven to the brink of lunacy as she commits suicide at t...

Systems Analysis and Design Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Systems Analysis and Design - Case Study Example To identify if the migration succeeded, the primary step is evaluating database values between new and old systems, a test called a parallel type of test. The finishing success is the acceptance test, performing business operations, as well as processes effectively (Satzinger, Jackson & Burd, 2012). The system will develop in every iteration. Integration testing shall be done as part of every iteration. The first system testing will be done in each iteration as a part of the build and smoke testing that is done. Nevertheless, a complete system testing will be conducted as part of a separate system as well as acceptance test activity. Now that integration testing along with build and smoke testing is conducted in each iteration, at the project end, there shall be the definition of a testing iteration to finalize system testing. In this final iteration, the following will take place. System testing, acceptance testing and stress and performance testing (Satzinger, Jackson & Burd, 2012). Q1. Based on Figure 14-6—the XP methodology— divide your use cases into releases and iterations within each release. Develop a project iteration plan that includes the necessary activities at each level (system, release, iteration) for integration testing and acceptance testing. Compare your answer to this question to the project iteration plan you developed for Chapter 9. This system is used by contemplative media agents who rarely are in their offices and the media managers who work frequently in their offices. Therefore, the use cases that mostly apply to media managers will work well on larger computers with screens and keyboards. Some use cases, especially those for view the contemplative practices, will work well for notepads and laptops as well as for smartphone devices (Satzinger, Jackson & Burd, 2012). The entire use cases as well as pages that view practices would be improved if map and location information are provided. This will facilitate both customers and

Sources of finance For Expansion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Sources of finance For Expansion - Essay Example The most intriguing phenomena associated with IPOs are the poor performance in the long run. Generally the period of evaluation is from one to three years. Take any of the threshold IPOs that are sure to under perform. Researches have shown that this underperformance will last up to three to five years. Ritter and welsh (1992) clearly shown that there is 23.4 % for a three year buy and hold strategy. There are many explanations presented why IPO under perform when compared to any threshold. After beginning of the company its shares are sold to the public to accumulate the initial capital for the company. To purchase the necessary equipment and raw material the company needs this amount. Without the initial capital no company can begin their basic operations. The reason behind selling shares to the general public is, as the public constitute a large population who can generate huge amount of capital and they also constitute a large context of population who are also the consumers for the products being manufactured and sold by this company. The reason behind general public buying the shares of the companies are that the returns gives by the company on the shares purchased is proportional to the profit of the company. If the company is making huge profits then a part of the profit is divided and equally distributed to the shareholders with respect to there purchased quantity. Limited equi Rajinder Deane October 13, 2006 Page 3 Limited equity financing is used by most of the small or growth stage businesses. Whereas in debt financing, funds pour in from different quarters like from friends, relatives, etc. Venture capitalists are the most common source of equity funding. Venture capitalists may be institutional risk takers, financial institutions, wealthy persons, etc. and most of them specialize in industries. Commercial finance companies, financial institutions, banks, savings and loans, Lloyds Bank small business, etc. are some of the sources for debt financing. Because of their positive impact on the whole economy local and state government encourage the growth of the small companies. In debt financing additional funds comes from friends, family, relatives, and industry colleagues, etc when capital investment is smaller. When the equity to debt ratio of the firm is high then debt financing should be taken. If the proportion of the debt to equity ratio of the firm is high then it is advised that the owners should increase their equity investment, that way they cannot jeopardize firm's survival. Sincerely, Jack Stroth References 4hb.com. What is the Business Letter Format Retrieved October 12 2006, .